Emerging research suggests psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) may precipitate enduring changes in personality and self-compassion in various clinical populations. However, PAP-induced personality changes have yet to be characterized in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD), and the relationship with self-compassion remains unknown. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 84 individuals, psilocybin occasioned alterations to multiple dimensions of personality in patients with AUD, and these changes are tightly linked with improvements in self-compassion. Future studies with larger samples are needed to replicate this work and determine the relevance, if any, of psilocybin-induced changes in personality and self-compassion on AUD outcomes.